Final answer:
The principle of government that best illustrates the designation of different powers to the House of Representatives and the Senate is separation of powers.
Step-by-step explanation:
The principle of government that is best illustrated by designating different specific powers to both the House of Representatives and the Senate is the principle of separation of powers. The Constitution of the United States grants specific powers to each chamber of Congress. For example, the House of Representatives has the exclusive authority to initiate spending bills and impeach officials, while the Senate has the power of advice and consent. These divisions of power ensure a balance of power and prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.