Final answer:
Physical security protects against material damage, personal security guards individual safety, surveillance is the monitoring of activities, and access control limits resource access. These measures must be balanced with privacy concerns, as technological advancements increase both security and potential surveillance oversight.
Step-by-step explanation:
Definitions of Security Concepts
Physical security refers to the protection of personnel, hardware, software, networks, and data from physical actions and events that could cause serious loss or damage. This includes natural disasters, theft, vandalism, and terrorism. Examples of physical security measures include locks, fencing, security guards, and CCTV surveillance.
Personal security involves protecting individuals from physical violence or threats. This could include personal protective equipment, bodyguards, and self-defense tactics.
Surveillance is the monitoring of behavior, activities, or information for information gathering, influencing, managing or directing. This includes technological social control and digital surveillance, which are becoming more pervasive in society, with the ability to track movements via security cameras, cell phones, and facial recognition technology.
Access control is a way of limiting access to a system or physical or virtual resources. In computing, this is typically achieved through authentication and authorization mechanisms. In physical security, access control includes measures such as key cards, biometric scans, and security checkpoints.
These security measures must balance with concerns about online privacy and individual freedoms. The increased presence of surveillance in various forms has heightened the tension between security and privacy, leading to discussions about reasonable expectations of privacy and the ethical use of surveillance technologies. This balance is crucial to ensure a society where citizens feel both safe and free from excessive monitoring.