Final answer:
Cirrhosis of the liver is primarily caused by chronic alcoholism and other factors like viral hepatitis and hereditary conditions. It leads to fibrous tissue replacing dead liver cells, causing functional decline. Treatment focuses on preventing progression, and in severe cases, a liver transplant may be necessary.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cirrhosis of the liver is considered an end-stage condition resulting from liver damage caused by chronic factors such as alcoholism, viral hepatitis (including hepatitis B and C), autoimmune diseases, hereditary conditions, and other causes, like metabolic disorders or exposure to liver-toxic chemicals. The most accurate answer to the question is chronic alcoholism, as it is widely recognized as a leading cause of cirrhosis.
Cirrhosis involves the formation of fibrous tissue in the liver, which replaces the dead liver cells, leading to progressive loss of liver function. Conditions like hereditary haemochromatosis, which leads to iron accumulation and eventually liver damage, and primary liver cancers or metastatic cancers, can also contribute to cirrhosis. Prevention of disease progression and complications is the primary treatment focus, as cirrhosis is generally irreversible, with a liver transplant being the only option in advanced stages.