Final answer:
Option (c), The civilization with the monotheistic religion of Zoroastrianism was Persia. Zoroaster founded this religion, focusing on the god Ahura Mazda and the duality of good and evil. Nouruz, an enduring Zoroastrian tradition, is still celebrated as the Persian new year.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ancient civilization that had a monotheistic religion called Zoroastrianism is c) Persia. Zoroastrianism was founded by the prophet Zoroaster, also known as Zarathustra, in what is now Iran. Zoroastrians believe in Ahura Mazda, an almighty deity representing the embodiment of good, who is in a continuous struggle with Ahriman, the spirit of evil and darkness. This religion includes elements of dualism and has a significant focus on moral choice, ethical conduct, and the purification of the faithful.
The central concepts of Zoroastrianism influenced many other fundamental beliefs seen in later monotheistic religions such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Even though Zoroastrianism is no longer the dominant religion it once was in ancient Persia, its traditions have endured, notably in the Persian new year, Nouruz, which is still widely celebrated.