Final answer:
All of the options listed are clues that an email may be phishing. These include messages from a 'friend in trouble,' a sense of urgency, and spelling and grammar errors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The clues that a message or an email might be phishing are a) it's from a "friend in trouble," b) the message has a sense of urgency, and c) there are spelling and grammar errors in the message. Essentially, all of the above options are indicative of phishing attempts. Phishing messages often exploit emotional responses, create pressure with urgent language, and may not adhere to proper writing conventions, potentially because the sender may not be fluent in the language of the recipient or lacks the attention to detail that a legitimate organization would ordinarily maintain. To avoid falling for phishing scams, it is important to verify the sender's identity, check for inconsistencies in email addresses, spelling, and grammar, and consider the plausibility of the situation described in the message before responding or clicking on any link.