Final answer:
Panama, Bolivia, Ecuador, or Peru might have higher emigration rates due to push factors like unequal income distribution and socio-economic challenges, compared to Costa Rica which has more equal income distribution according to the Standard of Living Indicators for Latin America, 2003.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to the table of Standard of Living Indicators for Latin American Countries in 2003, the country likely to have the highest emigration rate due to push factors would be one with poor socio-economic conditions, such as low per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and unequal income distribution. While Costa Rica and Panama have roughly equivalent levels of per capita Gross National Income (GNI), Costa Rica's income distribution is more equal. Consequently, Panama's poor experience lower living standards than those in Costa Rica, suggesting higher push factors for emigration in Panama.
Moreover, other countries like Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru experience significant rural-to-urban migration due to factors such as poverty, ethnic violence, and lack of arable land. These factors contribute heavily to urban unemployment, which is another push factor causing people to leave their countries in search of better opportunities. Thus, while Costa Rica has its challenges, based on income equality and living standards, Panama, Bolivia, Ecuador, or Peru might have stronger push factors for emigration.