Final answer:
The term that defines the distance of an integer from 0, including all whole numbers and their opposites, is 'absolute value'.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes the distance of an integer from 0, including all whole numbers and their opposites, is the absolute value. The absolute value of a number is its distance from 0 on the number line, regardless of its direction. So, the correct answer to the question is (c) Absolute Value.