Final answer:
A mutation that renders the signal recognition particle nonfunctional would disrupt protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to issues in protein folding and secretion in the cell.
Step-by-step explanation:
A mutation that rendered the signal recognition particle nonfunctional would have a significant effect on the cell's protein synthesis process. The signal recognition particle (SRP) is responsible for guiding newly synthesized proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for proper folding and secretion. Without a functional SRP, the cell would have difficulty targeting proteins to the ER, resulting in misfolded or mislocalized proteins. This can lead to disruptions in cellular processes and contribute to various diseases.