Final answer:
The main theory regarding the evolution of whales is the theory of evolution by natural selection, developed by Charles Darwin. This theory explains adaptations like the development of flippers in whales as responses to their environment. Alternatives such as punctuated equilibrium offer insights into rapid evolutionary changes but do not replace natural selection as the primary mechanism. The correct option is c)Natural Selection
Step-by-step explanation:
The main theory regarding the evolution of whales is the theory of evolution by natural selection. This concept was developed by Charles Darwin and describes a mechanism by which species evolve over time through adaptations to their environment. While there are various theories, including creationism, intelligent design, and punctuated equilibrium, natural selection remains the primary scientific explanation for the evolution of species, including whales.
Whales are believed to have evolved from land-dwelling ancestors that gradually adapted to aquatic life. This transition is marked by a series of adaptations, such as the development of flippers and the modification of the body for more efficient swimming. The whale flipper, contrary to being a vestigial structure, is an adaptive characteristic that is unique and crucial to their aquatic lifestyle.
While punctuated equilibrium highlights the possibility of rapid evolutionary changes occurring in brief periods, it is generally agreed that natural selection played a pivotal role in the gradual evolution of whale species from terrestrial ancestors. The theory of punctuated equilibrium adds nuance to our understanding of evolutionary processes, suggesting that species can remain stable for long periods and then undergo rapid changes, potentially due to environmental shifts. The correct option is c)Natural Selection