Final Answer:
A) Organic matter accumulation on the surface is associated with Horizon O.
B) Topsoil with mineral and organic material corresponds to Horizon A.
C) Subsoil with leached minerals is linked to Horizon B.
D) Weathered parent material is indicative of Horizon C.
Step-by-step explanation:
The soil profile consists of several horizons, each with distinct characteristics formed through various processes. Horizon O, where organic matter accumulates on the surface, represents the topmost layer primarily composed of plant material, leaves, and decomposed organic matter. Horizon A, the topsoil, contains a mixture of mineral particles and organic material, supporting plant growth and serving as a crucial layer for agricultural activities.
Horizon B, the subsoil, is characterized by the leaching of minerals from the upper layers. This leaching results in the accumulation of minerals below the topsoil, often leading to the development of distinct subsurface horizons with different mineral content. Finally, Horizon C represents weathered parent material, indicating the layer where rock material has undergone weathering processes but has not yet transformed into soil. This layer contributes to the formation of the overlying horizons through weathering and soil development processes over geological time.
Understanding the formation of soil horizons is essential for various applications, including agriculture, land management, and environmental science. The unique characteristics of each horizon play a crucial role in determining soil fertility, drainage properties, and overall soil health, influencing its suitability for different uses.