Final answer:
All options—tariff, quota, and embargo—are forms of trade restrictions, with an embargo being the complete cessation of trade, making the answer D. all of the above.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question which of the following stops trade between countries can be answered by recognizing that all the options provided, namely a tariff, a quota, and an embargo, are tools used to restrict trade. An embargo is the most extreme form as it completely halts trade between countries, while a quota limits the quantity of goods that can be imported, and a tariff is a tax imposed on imports. When countries adopt these protectionist measures, they intentionally reduce international trade to protect domestic markets.