Final answer:
The biodiversity of living organisms and ecosystems depends on the specific changes in the environment. Often, increased human population and associated activities like habitat loss, pollution, and climate change lead to a decrease in biodiversity, affecting ecosystem stability and productivity.
Step-by-step explanation:
When the environment changes, the biodiversity of living organisms and the ecosystem can be significantly affected. The correct answer is (d) Depends on the specific changes. However, it's important to note that often these changes lead to a decrease in biodiversity. Human activities such as habitat loss, increased pollution, and climate change due to the rising human population typically reduce biodiversity. Ecosystem services of biodiversity include increased productivity, stability of ecosystems, and a buffer against environmental change. When the environment gets altered, the dynamics of the ecosystem may change due to variations in species numbers and diversity.
For instance, when human population increases, there could be more land converted for agriculture or urban development leading to habitat loss. This can reduce the variety of species in an area. Additionally, as pollution increases, it can affect air, water, and soil quality, further threatening the survival of many species. Moreover, climate change can lead to shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns that many species might not be able to adapt to quickly enough, resulting in decline or extinction.