Question

Which of these describes the product of translation?

a) RNA made from 20 amino acids which will be used in transcription.
b) Protein made from 20 amino acids that will execute the organism's processes.
c) DNA made from 4 nitrogenous bases which will store information about how the cell operates.
d) Protein made from 4 nitrogenous bases which will leave the cell and signal other cells to change.

Answer 1

The product of translation is a protein made from 20 amino acids that execute the organism's processes. This protein is assembled as the ribosome reads the mRNA template, which translates genetic information from nucleotides into a sequence of amino acids.

Step-by-step explanation:

The product of translation in cellular biology is indeed a protein, which is a complex molecule composed of amino acids. In the process of translation, a messenger RNA (mRNA) template, which includes a sequence of nucleotides with the bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U), is read by the ribosome to assemble a protein. This genetic information is translated from the language of nucleotides to the language of amino acids, where sets of three bases, known as codons, correspond to one amino acid each.

There are 20 commonly occurring amino acids that are used in the creation of proteins, and the specific sequence of these amino acids dictates the protein's structure and function, which in turn executes the organism's processes.

In this context, the correct answer to the student's question is b) Protein made from 20 amino acids that will execute the organism's processes.