Final answer:
The spread of Islam beyond the Middle East was facilitated by trade, conquest, migration, and missionary work. It introduced new regions to Islamic religious institutions, Arabic script, and shared values and traditions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The spread of Islam beyond the Middle East was accomplished through various means such as trade, conquest, migration, and missionary work. Arab seafaring played a significant role in spreading Islam along sea routes.
Trade routes, such as the trans-Saharan trade routes, facilitated the diffusion of Islam into new regions. Islamic communities and empires thrived in West and East Africa, southeastern Europe, India, and Southeast Asia.
The spread of Islam affected the people in these regions by introducing them to Islamic religious institutions, Arabic script, and shared values and traditions.