Final answer:
Assimilation is the process where individuals or minority groups adopt characteristics of the dominant culture, often leading to a loss of their own cultural identity. It is measured by factors like socioeconomic status and language assimilation, but can be hindered by discrimination and language barriers.
Step-by-step explanation:
Assimilation is a sociological term that describes the process in which individuals or groups from minority cultures come to resemble those of the dominant culture. This often involves giving up cultural traditions, adapting to new social norms, and may also involve changes in language, dress, and social behaviors. In the context of immigration, assimilation plays a crucial role in the blending of cultures, where immigrants may adapt to the culture of their new country, often leading to a loss of the minority group's original cultural identity.
It is opposed to the concept of pluralism, which is represented metaphorically by the "salad bowl," where each culture retains its unique characteristics within a society. Sociologists look at socioeconomic status, spatial concentration, language assimilation, and intermarriage as indicators of assimilation. However, assimilation can be challenging due to barriers like discrimination or language differences that hinder opportunities for new immigrants.