Final answer:
ADP and Pi are released from ATP, providing energy for cellular processes. The hydrolysis of ATP to form ADP and Pi releases 7.4 kcal/mol or 30.5 kJ/mol, and ATP acts as the energy currency of cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question of which of the following is released from ATP and therefore provides energy is ADP and Pi (which stands for adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate). When ATP is hydrolyzed, it reacts with water to form ADP and Pi, and this process releases 7.4 kcal/mol or 30.5 kJ/mol of energy, making it crucial for various cellular processes such as muscle contractions, nerve impulse transmission, and the synthesis of molecules.
ATP serves as the energy currency of cells, and its hydrolysis to ADP and Pi is how energy is made available for biological work. The breakdown of the phosphonic hydride bonds during this reaction is the source of the released energy; therefore, when the bond between the beta and gamma phosphate groups in ATP is broken, a significant amount of energy is liberated.