Final answer:
Earthquakes are caused by tectonic forces and geological features in the Earth's crust, such as faults and plate movement. These forces and features lead to the release of seismic waves.
Step-by-step explanation:
Earthquakes are natural occurrences brought on by tectonic forces and crustal geological elements. Faults are among these features; faults are crustal fissures where rocks can move past one another. Earthquakes can occur when tension builds up along these faults. Another significant factor contributing to earthquakes is the movement of the tectonic plates, which make up a sizable portion of the Earth's lithosphere. Seismic waves can be produced when plates travel past one another, collide, or separate. The energy released during an earthquake is represented by these waves.