Final answer:
The condition is nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS), characterized by extreme hyperglycemia and dehydration without ketosis. This condition requires urgent medical treatment, including insulin therapy and rehydration.
Step-by-step explanation:
A person who develops severe dehydration and hyperglycemia without the presence of ketosis is likely suffering from a condition known as nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome (NKHS), also known as hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). This condition is characterized by extremely high blood sugar levels and significant dehydration, but without the high levels of ketones that are present in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Hyperglycemia itself means an abnormally high glucose level in the blood. This occurs when there is insufficient insulin action, causing blood sugar levels to rise. In patients with diabetes mellitus, this might occur if insulin therapy is not administered adequately. In severe cases, hyperglycemia can lead to increased urine output and dehydration, due to osmotic diuresis caused by high amounts of glucose being excreted in the urine.
The absence of ketosis in HHS indicates that while there's an insulin deficiency, it may still be sufficient to prevent the breakdown of fats for energy, which is what leads to ketone body production in conditions like DKA. It is crucial that individuals exhibiting symptoms of HHS receive prompt medical attention, as it can lead to severe complications such as coma or death if left untreated.
Symptoms of HHS include extreme thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and altered mental state. It's often treated with insulin therapy and rehydration through intravenous fluids to manage the blood glucose levels and correct dehydration.