Final answer:
The correct answer is B) Polypeptide chain; Translation; Anticodon, as this sequence describes the synthesis of a polypeptide during translation in protein synthesis, where tRNA anticodons bind to codons on mRNA.
Step-by-step explanation:
A sequence of amino acids called a polypeptide chain is produced during the process of translation, during which the anticodon of a tRNA molecule binds to a codon of mRNA. The correct answer to the student's question would therefore be B) Polypeptide chain; Translation; Anticodon.
In the context of protein synthesis, translation is the process by which cellular ribosomes create proteins. The mRNA serves as a template, guiding the sequence in which amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain. During this process, tRNA molecules with corresponding anticodons bring the appropriate amino acids into place, and these are linked together by peptide bonds, catalyzed by the ribosomal peptidyl transferase enzyme. This series of events results in the elongation of the polypeptide chain until a stop codon is reached, signaling termination.