Final answer:
To maintain a range of 40 with the highest number being 42, the first missing number must be 2 or less. For the second missing number, it must be approaching but not exceeding 42 to ensure that 42 is the largest number in the set.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question presents a set of eight numbers with two missing values and gives a range of 40. To find the two possible values for the missing numbers, we must identify the lowest and highest numbers in the set and apply the range. We already know the highest number is 42. For the range to be 40, the lowest number must be 42 - 40 = 2.
If 5 is the next smallest number after the missing number, then the first missing number must be less than or equal to 5 for the range to remain at 40. Thus, the first missing number could be 2. If 42 is the largest number and the next largest number after the missing number is 33, then the second missing number must be greater than or equal to 33 for the range to be 40. Therefore, the second missing number could be 42 (which is already in the list), or less likely, a number slightly less than 42 but still ensuring that 42 remains the maximum.