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Determine the upper-tail critical value in each of the following circumstances. a. 1 - a=0.95, n = 21 d. 1 - Q = 0.95, n = 48 b. 1 - a= 0.99. n = 21 e. 1 - a=0.90, n=13 c. 1 - Q=0.95, n = 41 Click here to view page 1 of the table of critical values for the i distribution Click here to view page 2 of the table of critical values for the t distribution a. t = 2.6479 (Round to four decimal places as needed)

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Final answer:

To determine the upper-tail critical value, consider the significance level (1 - α) and the sample size (n). Use the normal table to find the critical value.

Step-by-step explanation:

The upper-tail critical value refers to the value in the tail of a distribution that separates the critical region from the non-critical region. To determine the upper-tail critical value, we need to consider the significance level (1 - α) and the sample size (n).

For example, in case a, where (1 - α) = 0.95 and n = 21, we can find the critical value from the normal table. The table shows that the probability for 0 to 1.96 is 0.47500, so the probability to the right tail of the critical value 1.96 is 0.5 - 0.475 = 0.025.

In this case, the upper-tail critical value is t = 2.6479 (rounded to four decimal places).

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