Question

Doctors at a fertility clinic wish to determine if taking fertility drugs increases the chances of a multiple birth (having two or more babies at once). Doctors record the number of multiple births and the number of single births for a sample of patients taking fertility drugs and a sample of patients not taking fertility drugs. The data are shown below. Conduct the appropriate hypothesis test, showing all work. Limit the type I error probability to 5%.

Answer 1

To determine if taking fertility drugs increases the chances of a multiple birth, we can conduct a hypothesis test using a chi-square test for independence.

Step-by-step explanation:

To determine if taking fertility drugs increases the chances of a multiple birth, we can conduct a hypothesis test. Let's state our hypotheses:

Null Hypothesis (H0): Taking fertility drugs does not increase the chances of a multiple birth

Alternative Hypothesis (H1): Taking fertility drugs increases the chances of a multiple birth

We can use a chi-square test for independence to analyze the data. The test compares the observed frequencies of multiple and single births in the two groups (patients taking fertility drugs and patients not taking fertility drugs) with the expected frequencies if there was no relationship between the use of fertility drugs and multiple births. The chi-square test calculates a test statistic, the chi-square statistic, and a p-value to determine if there is a significant association.

Using a significance level of 0.05 (5%), if the p-value is less than 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is evidence of a relationship between taking fertility drugs and multiple births.