Final answer:
To find the critical value for the F-ratio in an independent-measures ANOVA comparing four treatments with a sample of n = 8 in each treatment, consult the F distribution table or use statistical software.
Step-by-step explanation:
To find the critical value for the F-ratio in an independent-measures ANOVA comparing four treatments with a sample of n = 8 in each treatment and using a level of significance of α = .05, we need to consult the F distribution table or use statistical software.
For α = .05 and the degrees of freedom of the numerator (k - 1 = 4 - 1 = 3) and the denominator (N - k = 32 - 4 = 28), the critical F value is approximately 3.34.
If the calculated F ratio is greater than the critical F value, we would reject the null hypothesis. If it is less than or equal to the critical F value, we would fail to reject the null hypothesis.