Final answer:
Option (B). Mathematical models, especially simulation and statistical models, are used for weather prediction, leveraging physical principles to forecast weather dynamics.
Step-by-step explanation:
To predict the weather, a mathematical model can be used. Mathematical models, including statistical and simulation models, are built upon mathematical equations and rely on numerical techniques to analyze and visualize complex systems. For instance, a simulation model applies numerical methods to solve problems and can represent the intricate relationships within ecosystems or weather systems. Empirical models are another type of mathematical model that use observations to predict outcomes without necessarily understanding the underlying system intimately.
Physics plays a crucial role in weather prediction by helping to predict the dynamics and movement of weather phenomena. Through the application of physical principles, such as those related to the movement of air masses, heat exchange, and density variations, predictive models can be created to forecast weather conditions. While some phenomena like sunrises can be predicted with high precision, there are uncertain situations like hurricane landfalls where statistical models come into play, emphasizing the importance of physics in developing robust weather prediction models.