Final answer:
The correct sentence is B), indicating Japan surrendered on August 14, 1945, after the Soviet Union declared war, though the formal signing occurred on September 2, 1945, on the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sentence that best describes the sequence of events surrounding Japan's surrender during World War II is:
B) "On August 14, 1945, Japan surrendered to the Allied powers in World War II aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay after learning that the Soviet Union entered the war."
This sentence captures the timing of events accurately by noting the Soviet entry into the war against Japan and the subsequent surrender announcement by Japan. However, it should be noted that the actual signing of the surrender documents aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay took place on September 2, 1945, not on August 14. On August 15, 1945, Japanese Emperor Hirohito publicly announced Japan's acceptance of the Allied terms of unconditional surrender, which formally came to be known as Victory over Japan Day (V-J Day).