Final answer:
The African National Congress (ANC) is both the dominant political party in South Africa and the organization that led the anti-apartheid movement before 1994, which eventually saw Nelson Mandela become the nation's first Black president. The correct answer is option: A) African National Congress (ANC).
Step-by-step explanation:
The dominant political party in South Africa that was also at the forefront of the anti-apartheid movement before 1994 is A) African National Congress (ANC). The ANC is a pivotal figure in South Africa's struggle against apartheid, characterized by a complex journey of both non-violent protests and, at times, armed resistance.
Led by icons such as Nelson Mandela, who was imprisoned for 27 years, the ANC successfully dismantled the institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination of apartheid. Afterward, in South Africa's first free elections where all races could vote, the ANC won triumphantly, and Nelson Mandela was elected as the first Black president of the nation.
The ANC's efforts were supported internationally, with movements such as divestment campaigns significantly pressuring the South African economy and its white leaders to enact reform. The courage and determination of the South African people ultimately led to the end of apartheid, with Mandela and other ANC leaders playing a critical role in the country's transition to democracy.