Final answer:
An example of horizontal gene transfer in eukaryotes is certain fungi acquiring the gene for taxol production from yew trees. This instance illustrates the evolutionary and biotechnological significance of HGT beyond the commonly associated prokaryotic realm.
Step-by-step explanation:
Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) is a fascinating phenomenon wherein genetic material is exchanged between non-mating species. While most commonly associated with prokaryotes, HGT also takes place in eukaryotes. One unique example of HGT in eukaryotes involves fungi that have acquired the gene for the production of the chemotherapeutic agent taxol from yew trees. These fungi, which feed on the yew trees, demonstrate that HGT can lead to significant evolutionary advantages, such as the ability to biosynthesize complex compounds like taxol, which was previously only known to be produced by the plant itself.
Understanding the role of HGT in eukaryotic evolution is essential for constructing accurate phylogenetic trees and can have profound implications for biotechnology and medicine. Unlike traditional vertical gene transfer that occurs during reproduction, HGT allows for the rapid acquisition of new traits, providing a survival advantage in certain environments.