Final answer:
Allele frequencies for a gene in a pig population are calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg principle, with the correct allele frequencies being p=0.52 for the dominant allele (E) and q=0.48 for the recessive allele (e).
Step-by-step explanation:
We are tasked with calculating allele frequencies (p and q) for a gene that affects susceptibility to a degenerative eye disease in a pig population. Given the genotypes of the population (EE = 16 pigs, Ee = 92 pigs, ee = 12 pigs), we can calculate the allele frequencies using the Hardy-Weinberg principle, which states that in a population in genetic equilibrium, the frequency of genotypes can be represented by p² for the homozygous dominant, 2pq for the heterozygote, and q² for the homozygous recessive genotypes.
First, we find the total number of alleles by multiplying the number of pigs by two (since each pig has two alleles for each gene), then count the number of E and e alleles in the population. With this information, the frequency of E (p) and e (q) can be calculated. Using the formulas p = frequency of dominant allele (E) and q = frequency of recessive allele (e), we find that:
p = (2*16 + 92)/(2*(16 + 92 + 12)) = 0.52
q = (2*12 + 92)/(2*(12 + 92 + 16)) = 0.48
The correct answer for this population's allele frequencies is, therefore, C. p=0.52, q=0.48.