Final answer:
The Mexican national era is marked by the Mexican Revolution, the Constitution of 1917 with its progressive reforms, and a cultural renaissance symbolized by the Mexican mural movement under President Alvaro Obregon.
Step-by-step explanation:
When we discuss the Mexican national era, we often think about a period in Mexico's history characterized by significant social, political, and cultural changes. This includes the Mexican Revolution, which began in 1910 with figures like Francisco Madero challenging the long-standing dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz. The revolution was a turning point in Mexican history with the constitution of 1917, which laid out reforms for land distribution, labor rights, and asserted national control over natural resources. In 1921, Alvaro Obregon became president and initiated educational reforms and cultural programs, such as the Mexican mural movement led by prominent figures like José Guadalupe Posada, signifying an artistic renaissance that fostered a unique national consciousness. The era also encapsulates events such as the annexation of Texas, the Mexican-American War, and how these actions were perceived from a Mexican standpoint.