Final answer:
El Nino affects the hydrosphere through increased sea surface temperatures and changes in ocean currents, reduced rainfall and drought conditions, and intensified hurricanes and typhoons.
Step-by-step explanation:
El Nino occurs every few years and affects the hydrosphere in the following ways:
- Increased sea surface temperatures and changes in ocean currents: El Nino causes warm ocean currents to flow off the west coast of South America, resulting in increased sea surface temperatures. These warmer waters can disrupt normal ocean currents.
- Reduced rainfall and drought conditions: El Nino can cause changes in atmospheric conditions that lead to reduced rainfall in some regions. This can result in drought conditions.
- Intensified hurricanes and typhoons: El Nino can influence weather patterns globally and contribute to the intensification of hurricanes and typhoons.