Final answer:
DNA and RNA are related as both are nucleic acids involved in genetic information transfer and protein synthesis. DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil. RNA helps translate the genetic information from DNA into functional proteins.
Step-by-step explanation:
DNA and RNA are related in that they are both nucleic acids which carry genetic information in cells. Their structures are similar, but there are key differences. DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose and the base thymine, while RNA contains the sugar ribose and the base uracil. DNA is typically found in a double-helix formation, whereas RNA is usually single-stranded. DNA is responsible for storing and transferring genetic information, while RNA translates this information to form proteins in a process called protein synthesis. Thus RNA acts as a messenger between DNA and the ribosomes to make proteins, an essential part of the central dogma of molecular biology: DNA to RNA to protein. Additionally, RNA is involved in regulation and expression of genes. DNA and RNA work together to ensure that the genetic information is accurately used to produce the necessary proteins for cell function. This relationship is often summarized by the phrase, central dogma of molecular biology, which describes how the genetic information in DNA is transcribed into RNA and then translated into proteins.