Final answer:
Reincarnation involves the soul being reborn after death. Karma affects the form of rebirth based on past actions. Siddhartha Gautama founded Buddhism aiming for enlightenment and the attainment of Nirvana, a state of peace and freedom from rebirth.
Step-by-step explanation:
Reincarnation is the belief in the rebirth of a soul in a new body after death. It's an endless cycle of birth, suffering, death, and rebirth until the soul achieves a pure state of existence.
Karma is the concept that actions in one life can affect future reincarnations, influencing the form of living beings one might be reborn into.
Jainism is an ancient Indian religion that prescribes a path of non-violence towards all living beings and emphasizes spiritual independence and equality.
Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, is the founder of Buddhism, a religion and philosophy focused on achieving enlightenment through overcoming desire and ignorance.
Enlightenment in a Buddhist context refers to the understanding of true reality, which leads to liberation from the cycle of rebirth and suffering.
Finally, Nirvana is the ultimate goal of Buddhists, a state of perfect peace and happiness, being free from suffering and the cycle of rebirth.