Final answer:
Proteins have diverse functions in living organisms, including providing structural support to cells, regulating cellular processes through enzymatic activity, and building and repairing tissues. Transmitting genetic information is not a function of proteins. Protein function is closely related to its structure, which is defined by the sequence of amino acids.
Step-by-step explanation:
Proteins are essential macromolecules that carry out a wide range of functions within living organisms. These functions include:
- Structural support: Proteins like collagen and keratin provide structure to cells and connective tissues, forming the cell membrane’s structure.
- Regulating cell processes: Proteins such as enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions, speeding up processes and regulating the cell's metabolism.
- Building and repairing cells: Proteins are involved in cell growth, repair, and replication. They are also the end products of gene expression, directly involved in maintaining and influencing the structure and function of the cell.
- Transmitting genetic information is not a direct function of proteins, but rather a role typically reserved for nucleic acids like DNA and RNA.
Additionally, other protein functions include transport of molecules like oxygen (hemoglobin), signaling (hormones), and defense against pathogens (antibodies). Each protein's function is intricately linked to its structure, which is determined by its sequence of amino acids. Any change in a protein's shape can substantially affect its functionality.