Final answer:
In George Orwell's '1984', the Party uses Room 101 as a tool of psychological torture to break the will of individuals who oppose or question the Party's ideology, forcing them to betray their own beliefs and submit to the Party's control.
Step-by-step explanation:
In George Orwell's novel '1984', the Party uses Room 101 as a tool of psychological torture to break the will of individuals who oppose or question the Party's ideology. The room contains the person's greatest fear, tailored specifically to that individual. The effect of the room is to force the person to betray their own beliefs and submit completely to the Party's control. One example of the use of Room 101 is when the protagonist, Winston Smith, is taken to the room and faces his greatest fear, which turns out to be rats. Through this experience, Winston is driven to the point of complete mental and emotional breakdown, ultimately leading him to fully embrace the Party's principles and betray his disloyalty.