Final answer:
B.F. Skinner believed that nearly all behavior is determined by operant conditioning, where behavior is modified by its consequences like reinforcements and punishments. Option C.
Step-by-step explanation:
B.F. Skinner, an American psychologist and a prominent advocate for behaviorism, concentrated on how behavior is affected by its consequences.
According to Skinner, nearly all behavior is determined by operant conditioning, a form of learning in which behavior is modified by its consequences. Reinforcements and punishments play a crucial role in this process, influencing whether a behavior is likely to be repeated.
Skinner exemplified this concept with a Skinner box, a device used to study operant conditioning, where animals like rats learned to associate pressing a lever with receiving food.
Operant conditioning differs from classical conditioning, as it deals with new behaviors that are actively emitted rather than reflexive responses. Skinner's viewpoint was that behavior is shaped significantly by the external environment through reinforcements and punishments, leading to learned behaviors.
So option C is correct answer.