Final answer:
Terrestrial locomotion is achieved through various mechanisms such as using long arms or legs, depending on the organism. Bipedal organisms maintain balance through anatomical changes and adaptations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Terrestrial locomotion is achieved through various mechanisms depending on the organism. For animals that swing from branch to branch, such as brachiators, long arms are used. Leapers, on the other hand, rely on their long legs to propel themselves. Organisms that walk on land, like bipedal organisms, have one leg on the ground (the stance leg) and the other leg striding forward (the step leg). To maintain balance, several anatomical changes have occurred in bipedal organisms throughout evolution. One such adaptation is having a resistant outer skin to resist drying out and enabling the uptake of atmospheric oxygen for land-based respiration.