Final answer:
Variables and control variables are the factors controlled during an experiment to ensure that changes in the dependent variable are attributed accurately to manipulations of the independent variable, thereby allowing scientists to draw logical conclusions.
Step-by-step explanation:
During an experiment, the factors controlled so that scientists can draw a logical conclusion include variables and control variables. Variables are factors that can change during the experiment, and they're split into two main types: independent variables, which are manipulated by the researcher, and dependent variables, which are observed to see how they change in response. Control variables are kept constant to prevent them from affecting the outcome. Properly controlling these factors is essential to ensure that any observed changes in the dependent variable are due only to the manipulation of the independent variable. This process is essential for developing and testing a hypothesis, as well as for the overall validity and reliability of experimental results.