Final answer:
Dendrites are the nerve processes that conduct impulses toward the cell bodies of neurons, facilitating the reception of information from other neurons, while axons transmit impulses away from the cell body.
Step-by-step explanation:
Nerve processes that conduct impulses toward the cell bodies are referred to as dendrites. These are highly branched processes that receive information from other neurons at specialized areas of contact called synapses. In contrast, the axon is a singular long process that transmits nerve impulses away from the soma and toward other cells, either neurons or muscle cells, via its axon terminals. It is important to note that both dendrites and axons are integral to the function of the neuron, creating a polarity that allows for the directional flow of information.