Final answer:
The Central Nervous System (CNS) is composed of the brain and spinal cord. It processes information and sends commands to the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), which connects the CNS to the rest of the body.
Step-by-step explanation:
The system that is anatomically composed of the brain and spinal cord is the Central Nervous System (CNS). This system acts as the control center for the body, processing information and sending commands to the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) then connects the CNS to the rest of the body, facilitating communication between the brain and spinal cord and other parts of the body.
The Peripheral Nervous System is comprised of nerve fibers that extend out from the central nervous system to the rest of the body, while the Central Nervous System itself includes only the brain and spinal cord. Within the PNS, there are further subdivisions such as the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary movements, and the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary body functions, including the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems which regulate fight-or-flight responses and rest and digest functions, respectively.