Final answer:
The Constitution limits the national government by reserving certain powers for the state governments, notably through the Tenth Amendment. While the national government has specific enumerated powers related to foreign and domestic policy, the reserved powers for state governments include regulating local matters. Concurrent powers, such as taxation, are shared by both levels of government. The correct option is reserved power.
Step-by-step explanation:
Powers Reserved for State Governments:
The United States Constitution enumerates certain powers to the state governments and restricts the federal government from exercising them. These limitations are intended to maintain a balance between the rule of law and the principle of limited government. The Tenth Amendment is particularly significant as it specifies that the powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved powers for the states, or the people. Reserved powers are therefore the authority that the Constitution does not give to the national government nor denies to the states, allowing them to regulate matters such as intrastate commerce and marriage.
Examples of State and Federal Powers
Exclusive powers of the national government include those of regulating interstate commerce and conducting foreign policy. Examples of reserved state powers include establishing local governments and overseeing education. Concurrent powers are those shared by both levels of government, such as the ability to levy taxes.
Cities and municipalities operate within the framework of their respective states, whereas Native American reservations have a degree of sovereignty but are still subject to certain federal laws. The Constitution limits national powers by enumerating them, which inherently restricts their scope; similarly, Article I, Sections 9 and 10, and the Bill of Rights place limits on the state powers.