Final answer:
The type of thinking that applies general rules to specific situations is known as deductive reasoning. It contrasts with inductive reasoning and starts with a broad principle to make specific predictions. The correct option is c) deductive.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Deductive Reasoning:
Thinking that applies a general set of rules to specific situations, such as using the laws of gravity to predict the behavior of a single falling object, is referred to as deductive thought. This method of thinking is contrasted with inductive reasoning, where one makes generalizations based on specific observations.
Deductive reasoning starts with a general principle or law and then deduces specific predictions or conclusions from it. For example, scientists using deductive reasoning can predict that if the climate continues to warm, the distribution of plants and animals will change. This prediction is based on the general principle that climate affects ecosystems.