Final answer:
Not all principles of social stratification are fixed; stratification systems can change. It is the principle that 'stratification is universal and invariable' that does not hold true, as stratification can vary and evolve over time. The correct answer is option: universal and invariable.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student is inquiring about the principles of social stratification, which is a system that ranks society into different levels of social standing based on various factors like wealth, power, and prestige. Among the given options stating which is not a principle dynamic of social stratification, the statement that stratification is universal and invariable is incorrect. While social stratification is common and has been seen in many societies throughout history, it is not invariable, as societies can change how they stratify over time.
Stratification is not just about individual inequalities, but about systematic inequalities based on group memberships and classes. Societies have belief systems that support and justify existing stratification, and these inequalities can persist over generations and are often built into the institutional practices of a society. Different societies may stratify their members based on different factors, such as wealth, prestige, or age, and these factors can influence an individual's social standing within a community.
Moreover, social stratification systems are distinguished as either open or closed. Closed systems, like caste systems, limit social mobility and interaction across strata, while open systems, based on achievement, allow for more fluid movement between levels. While individuals might interact primarily with others of the same social standing, global stratification exists when comparing the wealth and power of entire nations, leading to international inequalities.