Final answer:
Decrease in idealistic thinking is not typically associated with adolescence, since it's a period characterized by increased idealism and abstract thinking, which is not likely to directly affect the parent-adolescent relationship. The correct answer is option: -b) decrease in idealistic thinking.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks which of the following is not a change in adolescence that can affect the parent-adolescent relationship, with the options being puberty, decrease in idealistic thinking, violated expectations, and changes in schooling.
During adolescence, numerous changes occur, including psychosocial changes such as a stronger sense of personal identity, increased body image awareness, and the development of moral and ethical values. Adolescents also start to pull away from their parents to forge their own path, often influenced by their peers and peer acceptance.
However, it is the decrease in idealistic thinking that is not commonly associated with adolescence, as teenagers typically become more idealistic and abstract in their thinking rather than less. This increased idealism can sometimes lead to tension with parents, as adolescents begin to question and challenge the world around them.