Final answer:
The correct statement is that adult attachment patterns have been used by researchers to gain insight into close relationships, and these patterns do relate to early life attachments. Secure attachment is the most common and healthiest form, though there are also avoidant, resistant, and disorganized patterns influenced by temperament and culture.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct statement about attachment styles across the lifespan is that adult attachment patterns have been used by researchers to gain insight into close relationships. Adult attachment styles are indeed measured with instruments akin to the Strange Situation for infants but tailored for adults. Furthermore, attachment patterns measured in adults do relate significantly to the attachment styles these individuals experienced as children. This is consistent with the work of researchers like Ainsworth and Bowlby, who proposed that the bond formed with primary caregivers early in life impacts individuals' future relationships.
It is important to note, however, that while secure attachment, characterized by a child using the caregiver as a secure base for exploration and as a comfort in times of stress, is the most observed and considered the healthiest, other patterns like avoidant, resistant, and disorganized attachment exhibit differences in behaviors and caregiver interactions.
Studies such as the Strange Situation have highlighted that these patterns may persist into adulthood and influence adult relationships. However, researchers have also observed that factors such as temperament and cultural contexts can influence attachment styles, suggesting that attachment is also shaped by additional variables beyond initial caregiver interactions.