Final answer:
The correct techniques to stimulate large-diameter fibers and reduce pain are TENS, massage, and acupuncture. These methods interfere with the transmission of pain by activating other sensory fibers, such as non-nociceptive pathways, to help mitigate the sensation of pain.
Step-by-step explanation:
The three techniques used to stimulate large-diameter fibers and close the gate to painful impulses are TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation), massage, and acupuncture. These methods help in managing pain by activating non-nociceptive fibers which can inhibit the transmission of pain signals. TENS uses electrical currents to stimulate nerves for therapeutic purposes. Massage applies pressure and manipulation to the body's soft tissues, and acupuncture involves inserting needles into the skin at specific points to alleviate pain.
Nociception responds to stimuli that could cause potential damage, such as mechanical, chemical, or thermal stimuli beyond a set threshold. In the context of pain management, several non-pharmacological approaches like TENS, massage, and acupuncture are effective in stimulating these sensory fibers without activating nociceptive pathways, which can help in reducing the perception of pain. Other therapies mentioned across different options, such as heat therapy, cold application, and relaxation techniques can also have beneficial effects but are not the primary techniques for stimulating large-diameter fibers to close the pain gate.