Final answer:
Chronic hypertension is consistently elevated blood pressure existing before or beyond 12 weeks postpartum, while Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension occurs during pregnancy typically after the 20th week. Both conditions require management through lifestyle changes and possibly medications to reduce related health risks.
Step-by-step explanation:
The difference between chronic hypertension and Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (PIH), which is also known as gestational hypertension, is primarily the timing and context in which they occur. Chronic hypertension refers to consistently elevated blood pressure that is present before pregnancy or that exists for longer than 12 weeks postpartum, with blood pressure measurements of 140/90 mm Hg or above. In contrast, PIH is a condition that develops during pregnancy, typically after the 20th week, and is characterized by new-onset high blood pressure during pregnancy without other organ dysfunction.
Chronic hypertension can lead to serious health complications including heart attacks, strokes, aneurysms, peripheral arterial disease, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure. It's often a silent disorder, which makes it imperative for patients to follow their treatment plans closely.
Prevention and management of both types of hypertension involve lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoidance of tobacco smoke. Medication may be necessary to manage blood pressure, reduce blood triglycerides, and raise HDL levels.