Final answer:
B) Transformational leadership is the style that involves developing solutions through experimentation and new discoveries. Transformational leaders inspire, motivate, and encourage innovation by fostering a critical thinking and problem-solving environment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of leadership that develops solutions through experimentation and new discoveries is transformational leadership. Transformational leaders are characterized by their ability to inspire and motivate followers to achieve more than they originally intended and often even more than they thought possible. They are known for being charismatic, inspirational, intellectually stimulating, and considerate.
Authoritarian leadership, on the other hand, is marked by a top-down communication pattern where orders are issued, and tasks are assigned without much feedback from group members. This style is focused on meeting goals and can be necessary in situations requiring quick decisions or a high level of expertise. Nonetheless, it might lead to the alienation of group members if overused.
In contrast, democratic leadership encourages group participation in decision-making processes and consensus-building, which can be time-consuming and could potentially lead to factions within the group. Democratic leaders are common in situations where it is important that all group members agree on the action to be taken, such as in clubs or certain team projects.