Final answer:
Settlement houses opposed the philosophy of Social Darwinism by providing services and advocating for social reform for the working poor in urban areas, emphasizing the importance of charity, justice, and the Social Gospel Movement.
Step-by-step explanation:
Settlement houses provided service to people in poor urban areas, adhering to a philosophy that would oppose social reform movements such as Social Darwinism. Social Darwinism is based on the pseudoscientific belief that some people are naturally superior to others and that aiding the poor or less fortunate is futile as they are destined to fail according to natural selection. Contrary to this view, the settlement house movement and the Social Gospel Movement aimed to improve living conditions and fight for social justice. Settlement houses offered services like childcare and free healthcare to help the working poor, illustrating the philosophy's commitment to social reform and its direct opposition to Social Darwinism's laissez-faire approach to societal issues.