Final answer:
Electrolysis is the process of using electricity to separate water into hydrogen and oxygen gases. Hydrogen produced through electrolysis, particularly from renewable energy, can power fuel-cell vehicles. The electrolyzer in question uses an alkaline solution to decrease resistivity and increase efficiency.
Step-by-step explanation:
Electrolysis of Water
The process described in the question is known as electrolysis, a chemical method used to separate elements by passing an electric current through a substance. In the case of water electrolysis, hydrogen and oxygen gases are produced when direct current electricity passes through water containing an electrolyte. Platinum electrodes are typically used in an electrolyzer setup, which aid in the reduction of water at the cathode to produce hydrogen gas and in the oxidation of water at the anode to produce oxygen gas.
Hydrogen Production for Fuel Cells
Using electrolyzers powered by renewable energy sources like wind and solar, hydrogen can be generated as a fuel for fuel-cell vehicles. The hydrogen produced can be stored and later used in fuel cells where it reacts with oxygen from the air, forming water as a byproduct and generating electricity. This is considered more efficient and environmentally friendly compared to internal combustion engines. In the given scenario, the electrolyzer operates with an alkaline solution that lowers the resistivity, allowing the current to flow through more easily and produce hydrogen and oxygen gases more efficiently.