Final answer:
The two major functions of punishment according to Herbert Packer are preventing crime and rehabilitating offenders, which are intended to deter criminal behavior and help offenders rejoin society as law-abiding citizens.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to leading criminologist Herbert Packer, the two major functions of punishment are D) preventing crime and rehabilitating offenders. Punishment in the criminal justice system serves to deter individuals from committing crimes by establishing consequences for those actions, thereby preventing crime. Simultaneously, rehabilitation aims to transform offenders into constructive members of society, reducing the likelihood of them reoffending.
Prisons and other correctional facilities often provide educational and vocational programs, therapy, and counseling, which are not just punitive but are geared towards rehabilitating inmates. They target underlying issues that may contribute to criminal behavior and equip offenders with skills and resources to better integrate into society upon release. However, the balance between punishment and rehabilitation and the efficacy of various methods can be a subject of debate within the field of criminology.